Etiquette

Author: Nina Evason, 2018

Basic Etiquette

  Cover your mouth when yawning.

  It is rude to speak with your hands in your pockets or chew gum with your mouth open.

  Slouching and leaning against things is bad form.

  Punctuality is not tight in Colombia. Expect people to follow a looser “tiempo colombiano” (Colombian time) for social and casual engagements. Delays or lateness extending to an hour from the stated time are generally accepted.

  Avoid slamming a car or house’s door unless it will not shut without force.

  Do not pass things to people by casually throwing them.

  Men are expected to open doors for women.

  It is normal to split a bill when dining with a group, especially with friends. Men may offer to pay for women, although this is not expected outside of romantic settings.

  If on a romantic date, it is customary that the man pays for the bill. Depending on the circumstances, this usually occurs on the first 3 or 4 dates.

Visiting

  In Colombia, it is common for people to sit on their verandas or porches and engage passers-by in conversation.

  Good friends may come to visit one another without giving prior notice. In other circumstances, an invitation is generally expected.

  It is very impolite to turn down an invitation to join someone at their home. Such an invitation is usually made to try and establish a personal friendship. Therefore, rejecting it is often interpreted as a lack of interest in building a relationship with the other person.

  It is a polite gesture to bring cakes, traditional breads and desserts to the host when visiting for the first time.

  It is customary to offer guests coffee (tinto) during their visit.

  Colombian hosts often play music for guests, especially if the sound of the conversation is not very loud. Visits to people’s houses are often highly entertaining and social gatherings.

Eating

  Keep your hands visible above the table, and do not rest your elbows on it.

  The saying “Buen provecho” (enjoy) indicates it is time to start eating.

  It is polite to try and taste every dish on offer.

  Do not use a toothpick whilst still seated at the table.

  The most common toast is “Salud”, meaning ‘to your health’.

  Your glass will usually be refilled if your host sees it is less than half full.

  The first glass of a freshly opened bottle of wine is usually offered to a man so he can have the first taste.

  Colombians do not generally drink alcohol with the purpose of getting drunk quickly. They tend to drink at a leisurely pace, enjoying alcohol as a complement to meals, socialization and conversation.

  When you have finished eating, leave a small portion of food on your plate to indicate you are full.

Gift Giving

  Gifts are given on special occasions such as one’s birthday, Christmas Day, Epiphany, christenings and weddings.

  In Colombia, the 15th birthday of a girl is an important milestone. It is customary to give her something gold on this day.

  If giving flowers, avoid lilies, marigolds or other yellow flowers. They are used at funerals. Carnations are also the national flower and should be reserved for patriotic events. Bouquets should have an odd number of flowers.

  Imported alcohol (spirits), expensive chocolates, or specialized products unavailable in Colombia usually make good gifts.

  People may ask for ‘lluvia de sobres’, which is essentially money in an envelope.

  Gifts are not usually opened in front of the person who gave them.

Do's and Don'ts

DO's

  Be respectful and courteous, especially around someone’s parents or elders. Colombians are often very charismatic and talkative, but their warmth is generally always accompanied with good manners.

  Make an effort to steer the conversation towards the positive aspects of Colombian culture (i.e. the geography, biodiversity, literature, art, as well as the energy and attitude of the Colombian people).

  Be generous and open to performing favors. Colombians often go out of their way to help those that they have a good relationship with.

  Show respect for Catholicism and the Christian tradition. It forms the basis and justification for many Colombians’ opinions.

  Try to tolerate a higher volume of noise. Colombians are generally more lenient with the level of noise that is permissible in a social situation or coming from a neighboring house.

DON'TS

  Avoid making jokes about illicit drugs or drug consumption. Colombians do not like to be stereotyped as ‘narcotraficantes’ (drug traffickers). A minuscule proportion of the population is involved in such activity and the comments can become insulting if delivered insensitively or too often. Furthermore, consider some Colombians may have been affected by the violence of drug cartels. If you want to approach the topic, take it seriously, not lightheartedly.

  Do not ask about “violence in Colombia” unless you have a specific question. Colombians are generally open to discussing the subject, but they can find it tiring or even annoying when foreigners seek a broad explanation. It is an incredibly complex conflict that is hard to summarize for people with little background knowledge.

  Do not emphasize Colombia’s struggles or seek to make them feel ashamed of it. Most are disgusted by it and want to redeem the reputation of Colombia in foreigners’ eyes. Furthermore, while they are very critical of their own nation’s problems, they do not need further judgement from outsiders – especially when this criticism is informed by stereotypes.

  Do not assume all Hispanic and Latin American peoples are the same. There are many different countries and cultures across Central and South America that vary greatly in many aspects of life. Avoid homogenizing Colombians with people from other areas of the continent.

  Avoid referring to the United States as “America”. If you are going to do so, specify it as “North American”. All of South America is also technically American and Colombians can find it frustrating when the term is reduced to refer to just those from the USA.

References

Primary Editor/Author:  Nina Evason

Publication Year: 2018

• Series Title:  Colombian Culture

• Website Title:  Cultural Atlas

• Publisher:  Mosaica, 2017

(1) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/colombian-culture

(2) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/colombian-culture/colombian-culture-references

Etiquette

BASIC SOCIAL ETIQUETTE

Greetings

A handshake with direct eye contact is typical for first-time or formal encounters. Among friends and family, a kiss on the right cheek or a hug is common. Saying “Buenos días” (Good morning), “Buenas tardes” (Good afternoon), and “Buenas noches” (Good evening) is expected when entering a room or greeting someone.

Personal Space

Dominicans tend to be physically expressive; standing close and light touching during conversation is normal.

Titles Matter

  Use formal titles like Señor (Mr.), Señora (Mrs.), or professional titles like Doctor or Licenciado when appropriate.

Dining Etiquette

  Wait to Be Seated. Don’t sit until invited. Utensil Use: The continental style of eating is common (fork in the left hand, knife in the right).

Politeness

  Say “buen provecho” (enjoy your meal) when someone begins to eat.

Invitations

  If invited to a Dominican’s home, bring a small gift like wine, sweets, or flowers.

Conversation Tips

Topics to Embrace

  Family, music (especially merengue and bachata), baseball, food, and culture. Topics to Avoid: Criticism of the Dominican Republic, politics, or comparisons with Haiti—these can be sensitive.

Flexible Time

  Punctuality is more relaxed in social settings. Being 15–30 minutes late is generally acceptable.

Business Punctuality

  More importance is placed on being on time, though some flexibility still exists.

Dress Code

Appearance

  Dominicans take pride in their appearance. Dress neatly and stylishly, especially in urban areas.

Beachwear

  Only appropriate at the beach or pool—never in town or city settings.

Religion & Cultural Respect

  Respect religious customs and traditions.

Modesty in Churches

  Dress conservatively if visiting religious sites.

Do’s and Don’ts

Do’s

  Use greetings like “Buenos días” (Good morning), “Buenas tardes” (Good afternoon), and “Buenas noches” (Good evening). A handshake, hug, or cheek kiss (light) is common in social settings.

Tip in Restaurants and Hotels

  A 10% service charge is usually included, but it’s appreciated to leave a little extra for good service. Tip hotel staff and tour guides as well.

Sunscreen and Hydration

  The tropical sun can be intense. Always wear sunscreen, sunglasses, and drink bottled water.

Local Food

  Street food is delicious but choose clean, busy vendors. Try dishes like la bandera (rice, beans, meat), mangu (mashed plantains), and fresh seafood.

Insect Repellent

  Mosquitoes can carry dengue and other diseases. Use repellent, especially near rural or coastal areas.

Spanish Phrases

  Basic Spanish is appreciated and will go a long way with locals.

Negotiation

  Bargaining is common in open-air markets, but be respectful and fair.

DON'Ts

  Don't be showing off expensive jewelry, phones, or cash, especially in crowded or less touristy areas.

  DON’T Rely Solely on Credit Cards Bring some cash (preferably in Dominican pesos). Some areas or small vendors don't accept cards.

  DON’T Discuss Politics or Sensitive Issues.

  DON’T Drink Tap Water

  Always drink bottled or filtered water to avoid stomach issues.

  DON’T Assume Everyone Speaks English While English is common in tourist areas, most locals speak Spanish.

  DON’T Be Too Rigid with Time. Time is more relaxed in the Dominican Republic. Delays are common—go with the flow.

  DON’T Take Photos Without Permission, especially in rural areas or of people. Always ask before taking photos.

  DON’T Ignore Beach Safety Flags Some beaches have strong currents. Pay attention to warning flags and lifeguards.

Entertainment

Nightlife

  Merengue, Bachata, Reggaetón, and Dembow dominate the scene. Knowing a few basic steps will help you fit in—and locals will appreciate it. Live music venues like Jet Set Club host major Dominican artists in Santo Domingo.

Local Drink

  Presidente is the local beer, often served "bien fría" (ice cold). Try local rums like Brugal, Barceló, or Ron Bermúdez—often served with Coke or on the rocks.

  Be cautious with very cheap mixed drinks in tourist-heavy areas; stick to reputable bars.

  Dominicans go out late. Clubs typically don’t get busy until midnight or later, especially in Santo Domingo or Santiago. Pre-game with drinks at home or at a “Colmado” (local corner store/bar) before heading out.

Dress Code

  Even for casual bars, Dominicans tend to dress well. Men wear collared shirts or fitted tees; women wear stylish dresses or heels. In upscale venues, no flip-flops or beachwear. You might be denied entry.

Transportation

  Use Safe Transportation

  Avoid walking long distances at night, especially alone. Use Uber (available in major cities like Santo Domingo and Santiago) or trusted local taxis. In Punta Cana resort areas, rely on hotel transport or shuttle services.

Zones to Explore

  Santo Domingo: Zona Colonial for bars; Piantini and Naco for upscale clubs (like La Chismosa, Oro Nightclub). Punta Cana: Most nightlife is inside resorts or at big clubs like Coco Bongo or Imagine Cave Club (literally in a cave).

  Santiago: Less touristy, more local vibe; check out Level Club or Dubai Club.

  Puerto Plata: More laid-back, with beach bars and casual clubs like Kviar Club at Ocean World.

Be Social, But Smart

  Locals are friendly and outgoing; striking up conversation is easy. Keep an eye on your drink, and don’t flash cash or valuables. Be mindful of "friendly strangers"—some are genuinely social; others might be looking to scam you.

Dating Culture

  If you're single, know that flirting is common, and nightlife often blends with dating. Be respectful and clear about your intentions. Dominant or aggressive behavior isn't welcome. In resort towns, be cautious of "romance tourism" dynamics.

Reference:

URL:  https://chatgpt.com/

Etiquette

Author: Chara Scroope, 2018

It is important to be aware of the diversity of traditions and practices regarding etiquette in India. Given the different social norms among regions, linguistic groups and religions, each community has their own understanding of what constitutes respectful or normal behavior. If unsure of the correct etiquette in certain circumstances, do not hesitate to ask your Indian counterpart or at least observe the people around you for guidance.

Basic

  Feet are thought to be the ‘dirtiest’ part of the body. The soles of one’s feet should never be pointed at another person, towards a temple or towards a deity. Sit in a way that avoids this.

  The top of the head is considered to be the most important part of the human body. To touch someone on the top of their head is considered rude and insensitive. This is especially the case with babies, children, elderly, religious leaders or statues of deities.

  To show the utmost respect towards a religious leader, statue of a deity or an elder, one will touch the feet of the person or the statue.

  Never sit higher than an elder. If they are seated on the floor, you should also sit on the floor to avoid being higher than them.

  Objects are generally passed with one’s right hand or both hands. The left hand is thought to be reserved for cleaning, and the left hand alone should never be used to pass an object.

  Indians typically have a relaxed approach towards timekeeping and punctuality. It is common for people to arrive at events 30 minutes to an hour after the designated time. However, Indians will usually observe punctuality in a formal context such as important business meetings, appointments or when visiting a doctor.

Visiting

  Indians are generally exceptionally hospitable and take great pride in this characteristic. Complements on the hospitality of your Indian counterpart are generally very appreciated.

  People may not be strictly punctual when visiting someone’s home. Arriving 15 to 30 minutes after the designated time is appropriate.

  Remove your shoes before entering someone’s home.

  It is common to be offered a cup of chai (spiced tea) when visiting someone’s home or occasionally when visiting a shop.

  There is often an expectation that the guest will accept what is offered (especially chai). If you refuse something, it may be seen as a token protest made out of politeness. Thus, instead of accepting your refusal, an Indian may insist that you receive what has been offered. This can lead to awkward situations in which a guest can feel that the offer is being forced upon them.

  While a gift for the host is not expected, it is generally appreciated. A small token gift, such as chocolates or a gift for the host's children, is usually adequate.

  There are various norms practiced when visiting a place of worship. Specific practices vary among religions. Generally, one is required to remove their shoes. In some places, such as Jain or Hindu temples, leather articles are not permitted to enter the premises. Some sites may also require either females (Muslim mosques) or both genders (Sikh gurdwaras) to cover their head.

  If you wish to leave someone’s home, it is considered polite and respectful to ask permission to leave (e.g. ‘It’s probably time for me to go’). This is especially important if you are visiting the house of an elder.

Eating

  Indian food often does not require utensils to eat. Therefore, there are various forms of eating etiquette relating to the use of one’s hands.

  Wash your hands before eating or serving food to an Indian.

  Everyone normally uses their right hand to serve themselves, scooping with the fingers or with a serving spoon.

  Avoid using your left hand if you are encouraged to eat with your hands. The left hand is considered ‘unclean' since it is the hand people generally use for washing themselves.

  An Indian may fill your plate for you, or they may expect you to serve yourself.

  There is a general distinction between northern and southern Indian food. The latter is usually much spicier.

  Some Indians may have dietary restrictions based on their religious faith. For example, practicing Muslim Indians do not consume pork. For many Hindus, cows have sacred religious connotations, and the consumption of beef will be avoided.

  It is common for many Indians to abstain from drinking alcohol for reasons such as religion (e.g. Islam, Buddhism) or their upbringing. Only serve or provide alcohol if you are certain that your Indian counterpart drinks it.

Gift Giving

  Yellow, green and red are considered to be lucky colors and are often used to wrap gifts.

  It is advisable for men to say a gift is from both himself and his wife/mother/sister or some other female relative if offering it to a woman. This is to avoid the gift-giving act being interpreted as flirtatious.

  Different flowers have different connotations. Therefore, make sure to be aware of the connotations certain flowers have if you give them as gifts. Importantly, avoid giving frangipanis or white flowers. These are typically reserved for funerals and times of mourning.

  Some gifts will be inappropriate depending on one’s religious affiliation. For example, gifts made from leather may offend someone who identifies as Hindu. Gifts relating to pigs, such as pork or pigskin, would be inappropriate to give to someone who identifies as Muslim.

Do's and Don'ts

DO's

  Good conversation starters include the region your counterpart is from, their profession, the well-being of their family and the meaning of their given name.

  Treat Indian elders with visible respect. For example, address them first and defer to their opinion. Always sit lower than them, and avoid speaking directly or harshly.

  Be patient when making decisions or negotiating with your Indian counterpart. Indians tend to take their time when deliberating decisions, regardless of the urgency or importance of the decision.

  Try to dress conservatively and speak respectfully out of respect for your Indian counterpart.

  Enjoy a playful and light-hearted sense of humor. Indians tend to enjoy friendly banter and light teasing.

  Over 93% of Indians in Australia are fluent in English, and it is common for them to have an extensive and impressive vocabulary. If you communicate in a way that doesn't acknowledge this, your Indian counterpart will likely interpret this as patronizing.

  Try to be conscious of how gender and relationships may impact interactions. For example, some conservative Indians may find it inappropriate to include a married woman in a conversation if her husband is present.

DON'TS

  Avoid crude humor or swearing. Indians may take offence to this manner of speech quite easily.

  Do not directly criticize India as a country. This form of criticism from a foreigner is usually unwelcome and may be interpreted as an insult.

  Avoid negative comments or criticisms about a person’s ability, appearance or attributes. Such comments are often taken to heart and will give your Indian counterpart the impression that you are insensitive.

  Do not assume that the work ethic of Indians is more laid-back than that of Australians. On the contrary, many Indians are very hard-working and a significant portion of the country is highly educated.

  Do not directly ask someone what caste they belong to. It is more appropriate to ask about their occupation. For more information, see Social Structure and Stratification in Core Concepts.

  Do not criticize or patronize someone for their profession or vocation. Someone’s occupation is usually an important part of one’s personal identity.

  Try not to be intimidated by the process of haggling (persistent bargaining over the cost of something). For many people in India, haggling is part of daily life and often an enjoyable process.

  Avoid making judgements in absolute terms of right or wrong until you have a clear understanding of the circumstance. For many Indians, the context and situation are important in understanding whether something is moral and just.

  Drawing parallels between India and other countries on the Indian subcontinent such as Pakistan or Bangladesh may offend your Indian counterpart.

  Avoiding discussing tensions between Pakistan and India. This is a sensitive or heated topic for some Indians and can evoke a strong emotional response.

References

Primary Editor/Author:  Chara Scroope

Publication Year: 2018

• Series Title:  Indian Culture

• Website Title:  Cultural Atlas

• Publisher:  Mosaica, 2018

(1) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/indian-culture

(2) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/indian-culture/indian-culture-references

Etiquette

BASIC SOCIAL ETIQUETTE

Greetings

  A handshake is the standard greeting, often accompanied by direct eye contact and a smile. Close friends may greet with a cheek kiss (right cheek only).

Titles & Formality

  Use formal titles (Señor, Señora, or academic/professional titles) followed by the last name until invited to use first names.

Personal Space

  Panamanians may stand closer than what’s typical in North America or Europe. Don’t step back, as it may seem rude.

Politeness

  Manners matter.

Use phrases like:

  “Por favor” (please)

  “Gracias” (thank you)

  “Con permiso” (excuse me)

  “Disculpe” (sorry or pardon me)

strong>Dining Etiquette

Invitations

  Wait to be invited to sit or start eating. It’s polite to say “buen provecho” before meals.

Table Manners

  Use utensils for most foods; avoid eating with hands unless appropriate (like fruit).

Tipping

  10% is customary if a service charge isn’t included

Business Etiquette

Punctuality

  Arriving 10–15 minutes late is acceptable socially but be on time for business meetings.

Dress Code

  Dress conservatively and neatly.

  Appearance matters.

Hierarchy

  Respect authority and seniority. Decisions may take time and follow a top-down approach.

Small Talk

  Don’t jump into business right away—start with friendly conversation about family or local topics.

Visiting a Home

  Bring a Gift

  Small gifts like flowers, wine, or chocolates are appreciated.

Shoes

  It’s polite to ask if you should remove your shoes upon entering.

Compliments

  Compliment the home or meal—it shows appreciation and warmth.

Other Cultural Notes

Religion

  Panama is predominantly Catholic, and religious customs are respected.

Language

  Spanish is the official language. Basic Spanish phrases go a long way in building rapport.

Patriotism

  Panamanians are proud of their country and the Panama Canal. Avoid political criticism.

DO's in Panama

  Do greet politely

  A handshake, or a cheek kiss among women or from men to women (if familiar), is common.

  Do use formal titles: Address people with “Señor,” “Señora,” or their professional titles (Doctor, Licenciado).

  Do learn basic Spanish: While English is spoken in some areas (especially Panama City), Spanish is the national language and appreciated.

  Do be punctual for business meetings: Although social events may run on "Panama time" (a bit relaxed), professionalism is respected.

Money & Shopping

  Do carry small bills and coins, especially when traveling outside Panama City.

  Do tip in restaurants. A 10% is standard, though sometimes it's already included in the bill.

  Do negotiate politely in markets. Bargaining is accepted in street markets but not in stores.

Nature and Travel

  Do respect the environment

  Panama is rich in biodiversity. Use eco-friendly practices and respect wildlife.

  Do drink bottled or filtered water

  Water in Panama City is generally safe, but bottled water is safer in rural areas.

  Do bring mosquito repellent, especially if you’re heading to rural or jungle areas.

DON'Ts

  Don't talk politics or the Panama Canal too critically. These can be sensitive subjects.

  Don't raise your voice or be overly aggressive. Calm, respectful communication is more effective.

  Don’t expect everyone to speak English, especially outside of tourist zones.

Social Taboos

  Don't walk around in swimwear away from the beach or pool. It's considered inappropriate in public urban areas.

  Don't litter. There are strict anti-littering laws, and Panamanians take pride in their environment.

  Don’t take photos of people without permission, especially in indigenous communities or remote villages.

Transportation and Safety

  Don’t drive aggressively: Traffic can be chaotic, especially in Panama City. Stay alert and patient.

  Don’t flash valuables in public. Petty theft can occur, especially in crowded areas.

  Don’t assume all areas are safe at night. Stick to well-lit, well-known neighborhoods in cities.

Relaxing

  Beach Towns (e.g., Playa Venao, Santa Catalina)

  Much more relaxed; mostly beach bars and surfer hangouts.

  Playa Venao has some decent DJ events and weekend beach parties at Selina, Nao Venao, and El Sitio.

Other Tips

Happy Hours

  Many places in Panama City have happy hour from 5–8 PM with 2-for-1 drinks.

Local Beers

  Try Balboa, Panamá, or craft options like La Rana Dorada (they also have a great brewpub).

Hookah & Bottle Service

  Common in upscale lounges; expect $80–$150+ for bottle service.

Nightlife Tips

  Locals don't head out until 10:30–11 PM, and clubs don't get lively until midnight or later.

  Dinner and pre-drinks usually start around 8–9 PM.

Best Neighborhoods for Nightlife

  Casco Viejo (Old Town): Trendy rooftop bars, clubs, speakeasies, and lounges. Very walkable and safe at night.

  Popular spots: Selina Rooftop, CasaCasco, Tantalo, La Rana Dorada.

  Calle Uruguay: Previously the nightlife center; quieter now but has a few high-end spots.

  San Francisco & Obarrio: More local, less touristy bars and clubs. Great for a more chill or underground vibe.

Dress Code

  Most clubs enforce a smart-casual to upscale dress code.

  Men: No shorts or sandals. Wear jeans or chinos, button-down or polo.

  Women: Stylish dresses or chic-casual outfits work great.

  In Casco, some rooftop bars may allow a more relaxed look earlier in the night, but expect to dress up later.

Safety Tips

  Stick to reputable nightlife areas like Casco Viejo and don’t wander drunk into side streets.

  Use Uber or InDrive to get around—reliable and safer than hailing taxis at night.

  Pickpocketing can happen in crowded clubs or streets; keep valuables close.

Cover Charges & Guestlists

  Some high-end clubs like Club Mar, Isabella, or Kharma have $10–$30 cover charges.

  Guest lists via promoters or event pages on Instagram often get you in for free before a certain time.

Electronic Music Scene

  Panama has a small but strong techno/house scene. Venues like Delerium, LATAM Club, or special pop-up events throw underground raves. Follow on IG for updates.

Bocas del Toro Nightlife Tips

  More backpacker/party vibe. Think beach bars, hostels, and boat parties.

  Popular spots: Aqua Lounge, The Bookstore Bar, Selina Bocas.

  Some clubs run themed nights (like Ladies' Night or Glow Parties).

  Bars close earlier here (2–3 AM typically), but afterparties often go until dawn.

References:

URL:  https://chatgpt.com/

Etiquette

Author: Nina Evason, 2021

Basic Etiquette

  Americans place great importance on time management and punctuality. Delays and lateness often reflect poorly on people and may be interpreted as disrespectful or rude. However, lateness can be acceptable in some contexts (for example, when attending large parties or social gatherings).

  It is normal for Americans to initiate conversations with strangers without introducing themselves, e.g. standing in a queue or sitting next to each other at an event.

  Avoid speaking loudly on cell phones around other people, especially in enclosed public places (such as trains, restaurants, museums, waiting rooms, and elevators). This behaviour is considered rude and inconsiderate anywhere in public – including outdoor spaces.

  It is inappropriate to ask questions about someone's weight or age, especially to a woman.

  It is impolite to talk about someone's personal finances. Questions about a person's salary, wealth, or how much things cost are considered an invasion of privacy and very rude.

  Clothing styles vary by social status, region, occupation and climate, as well as between social settings (e.g. a job interview vs. a barbeque). Casual clothing (e.g. sweatpants or active gear) is commonly worn in public, during day-to-day activities or errands. It is an accepted norm for women to wear clothing that reveals their legs, arms or torso in many contexts.

  The rates of cigarette smoking have decreased in the U.S., and it has become frowned upon to smoke cigarettes near a crowd. People may request a smoker to extinguish their cigarette if they are smoking too close to others. Ask permission before lighting a cigarette around other people.

  It is impolite to pick your teeth in public. You should excuse yourself to do it privately in a restroom with a toothpick.

  Hold a door or elevator open for someone approaching close behind you.

  If you arrive at a door or queue at the same time as someone else, allowing them to go ahead of you is polite. Say 'thank you' when others perform these acts of courtesy for you.

  It is rude to push in line or skip a queue. If you are in an urgent rush, you should ask the person before you whether they would allow you to move ahead of them.

Paying/Tipping

  American restaurant and bar menus indicate prices without sales taxes and tips. As a result, the items ordered from a menu often cost about 21% to 26% more.

  Hospitality wages in America can be quite low. Therefore, waiters, waitresses and service attendants often depend on tips. Accordingly, restaurants that offer table service do not include the service charge in the cost of the bill.

  Americans usually tip 15-20% of the cost of the meal as a general standard. Less or more can be tipped depending on the quality of the service.

  Taxi drivers, hairdressers and barbers also expect similar tip percentages.

  Bellhops or valet parkers only expect about $1 as a tip.

Visiting

  Visits to American households are fairly informal. However, this can also vary depending on the purpose of the visit or the level of conservatism of the family.

  Organize your visit in advance. Americans rarely visit each other without making plans to do so.

  Many Americans have pets (e.g. dogs and cats). If you are allergic to an animal or feel uncomfortable being in the same room as an animal, you should let your host know in advance.

  Do not bring other friends and family unless you’ve asked your host beforehand.

  If it is an intimate visit (e.g. just you and the host), be as punctual as possible. It is best to notify your host if you are running late.

  If it is a larger social gathering or party, Americans commonly arrive roughly 30 minutes to an hour after the stated time. This is especially common if the guest doesn’t know the host very personally or does not know many of the other people attending.

  People usually enter a home without removing their shoes unless the host specifically requests them to do so.

  In American households, it is considered good manners to offer drinks to guests. However, at larger gatherings, hosts may direct people to where they can serve themselves (e.g. "There's soda in the fridge" or "There are water cups in the cupboard above left of the stove”).

  It is very common for Americans to offer alcoholic beverages when hosting a BBQ, dinner party or having friends over to watch a sporting game.

  Hosts typically do not routinely offer food or snacks during a social visit – unless the guest has arrived at a meal time.

  If the host asks whether you want food, you are expected to answer honestly. Americans generally take their guests’ answers at face value and are unlikely to be offended when a guest declines food. If you politely decline (e.g. "No thanks, I'm not hungry"), do not expect your host to serve you regardless.

  Avoid overstaying your welcome by remaining at a person's home longer than expected unless they explicitly ask you to stay.

Eating

  American cuisines vary across regions in the United States. For example, fried chicken, collard greens, and cornbread are typical southern-style dishes (often called "American comfort food").

  Cuisines may also differ depending on the dominant migration populations in the region. For example, it is common to find a blend of South American and Mexican cooking styles throughout the states closer to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. This includes chili and burritos and relies heavily on shredded cheese and beans.

  Wait until everyone has been seated and served before eating. The host often indicates when it is time to begin.

  In some religious households, families may say a blessing before eating (known as saying ‘grace’).

  In homes, dishes are usually passed around so everyone can get a portion. If you do not want one of the dishes passed around, you may refuse it by continuing to pass it along.

  Ask someone to pass a dish to you instead of reaching across the table to grab it.

  Napkins should be placed on your lap during the meal.

  Americans use cutlery to eat food unless eating certain fast foods.

  Hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand when cutting food. After cutting a bite-sized portion, the knife is placed down, and the fork is swapped to the right hand to stab or scoop the food. Food is put into the mouth with the fork tongs curving upward.

  The American norm of swapping the fork between hands differs from the European use of cutlery. The fork remains in the left hand, and food is placed in the mouth with tongs facing downwards.

  Do not cut up all the food on your plate at once. This is the way food is fed to young children.

  The pause to swap the fork between hands to cut food slows eating and allows for more conversation over the meal.

  Americans have a distinct set of ‘finger foods’ that are expected to be eaten with fingers, such as pizza, tacos, or burgers. They may think it is strange or unusual if you eat pizza with a fork or cut a burrito into smaller bites.

  It is polite to offer to refill other people’s drinks or pass them dishes at the table.

  It is rude to eat with your mouth open, lick your plate, bowl or knife, talk while there is still food in your mouth, burp out loud, or lick food off your fingers.

  It is acceptable to mop up any remaining food in your plate/bowl with bread served as part of the meal. This is a sign that you enjoyed the meal and is a compliment to the cook.

  Guests may accept second servings when offered. This indicates they find the meal tasty and appreciate the host's generosity.

  Children will frequently be seated at a separate ‘kids table’, allowing adults to have more discreet conversations over meals. Children will sometimes be presented with a different menu selection of simpler foods and may eat at a different (usually earlier) time.

  If children are seated at the same table as adults, they may ask to be excused from the table once they have finished eating. This is a polite way of exiting if they do not want to sit quietly or join the adults’ conversation.

  American restaurants tend to serve quite large portion sizes. It is acceptable to ask to have any leftover food repackaged to take home with you after eating out.

  If eating the meal in someone’s home, it is polite for guests to offer to help clear the table or wipe up dishes after the meal to reciprocate the host’s generosity and show gratitude.

Gift Giving

  Gifts are usually given on special occasions and are often accompanied by a card.

  People tend to open gifts in the presence of the person it's from. They may be opened immediately upon receiving them or later, along with other presents.

  For occasions that require a gift (e.g. birthday, wedding, baby shower), a modest value of about 5 is acceptable unless you know the recipient well.

  It is rude to ask directly how much a gift costs.

  It is also generally inappropriate to give someone a gift of cash unless previously agreed upon.

  Gifts are often grander or more heartfelt when given as a personal gesture outside of a special occasion. For example, to reflect deep gratitude for a favor someone has done for you, you may give them sports tickets or take them to an expensive restaurant.

  It is polite to bring a small gift as a gesture of appreciation when invited to someone’s house or a dinner party (e.g. wine, chocolate).

  The receiver is expected to praise a gift regardless of its size, appeal, monetary worth, etc. It is common for the receiver to state how they intend to use the gift as a gesture of genuine appreciation.

  Complaints or negative comments about a gift are considered extremely rude, even if the gift was broken, unusual or inappropriate. Commenting that you already have the same item is also considered rude.

  It is insulting to give away, re-gift or throw away a gift. If you do so, do not make this known to the gift-giver.

DO's and DON'TS

DO's

  It is okay to be open and proud about your success in the United States. Americans often like to focus on accomplishments and other positive things.

  Take initiative to be forthcoming and open about yourself when you can. People are expected to speak on their own behalf, instead of waiting for someone else to tell others of their achievements or success for them. Americans do not necessarily “wait to be asked”, but rather expect to “be asked to wait”. If you are quiet, they may assume that you have a low self-confidence or less to contribute.

  Be straightforward and direct about your meanings or intentions. Americans generally appreciate honesty and authenticity as a means to productivity and efficiency.

  Offer any criticism in a way that emphasizes a person’s strengths and highlights ways they could easily improve. Americans are more generally more receptive to comments that frame errors as something they have the opportunity to improve on, rather than an innate personality flaw. It is best to approach confrontation directly, but privately.

  If looking to help someone, try to do so in a way that gives them the opportunity to help themselves. Charity that is done indirectly or circuitously can imply that the person is a burden on others.

DON'TS

  Avoid mentioning divisive topics such as gun control, the death penalty, abortion and civil rights (etc.) unless you know the person well. These conversations have rarely reached a resolve in the public sphere of debate and can quickly become heated discussions.

  Religion can also be a sensitive topic if you do not know a person’s stance on faith.

  Avoid criticizing the American country, culture or patriotism. While some Americans may openly complain about their country's state of affairs or political leadership, foreign criticism or anti-American sentiments are unlikely to be appreciated. Many also consider themselves patriots and can take personal offence to such comments. Similarly, be aware that many Americans may presume others are similarly patriotic about their country and may be taken aback if you criticize your own country.

  Do not make racial slurs and avoid discussing racial divisions. Race relations are a very sensitive topic in America and are taken extremely seriously. See Other Considerations on for more advice on what is appropriate.

  Avoid exaggeration and sensationalism of a particular event or subculture to be reflective of all Americans. As members of one of the most globally recognizable cultures, Americans face a lot of stereotypes that are not necessarily true. Not all media and pop culture accurately represents the diversity of the American public.

References

Primary Editor/Author:  Nina Evason

Publication Year: 2021

• Series Title:  American Culture

• Website Title:  Cultural Atlas

• Publisher:  Mosaica, 2016

(1) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/american-culture

(2) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/american-culture/american-culture-religion#american-culture-religion

Author:  Chara Scroope, 2019

(3) URL:  https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/american-culture/american-culture-references